Mitochondrial
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Tier 2The mitochondrial cardiolipin stabilizer — restores energy production in damaged mitochondria.
MOTS-c
Tier 2An exercise mimetic encoded by mitochondrial DNA — activates AMPK signaling.
Humanin
Tier 2Neuroprotective mitochondrial peptide — protects against amyloid-beta toxicity.
CoQ10 / Ubiquinol
Tier 3Mitochondrial electron transport — energy production, statin co-factor.
PQQ
Tier 3Pyrroloquinoline Quinone — mitochondrial biogenesis, often paired with CoQ10.
Methylene Blue (low-dose)
Tier 3Low-dose alternative electron carrier — mitochondrial bypass, stains everything blue.
Berberine
Tier 3AMPK activator — natural metformin analog. Glucose, cholesterol, gut microbiome.
Ergothioneine
Tier 3Mitochondrial antioxidant from mushrooms — emerging longevity epidemiology data.